Special characters are characters that cannot be obtained through the keyboard. These characters may be inserted in your page with the specification of a code that the browser interprets and replaces with a specific character. These codes can be specified using the ISO- Latin-1 standard or through an email HTML specification. The ISO standard uses a code composed of the characters &# and a combination of numbers. The HTML specification, on the other hand, uses the character & followed by a word which identifies the symbol.
If you are going to write an HTML page in German, you will have to use several characters accented with the diaeresis mark, which is not directly available from the keyboard unless you configure Windows for German.
Even if you do not need to use one of these special characters, you will need to use these code if you want to represent some HTML command within your page without it being executed. For example, you are creating a tutorial to teach HTML. How do you place <P> in the text without inserting a line break?
Analyze the source code on the below, which is found in the Examp10b.htm file.
<html>
<head>
<title>Tutorial</title>
</head>
<body link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080">
<h1>The <P> command</h1>
<p>Purpose: marking a section of text as a paragraph inserting a row break and a blank row after its position.<br>
Basic syntax: &ltP&gt characters...</p>
Example:</p>
hr
<p>This is the first phrase of paragraph. This is the second phase of paragraph. This is the third phrase of paragraph. <p> This is the fourth phrase of text and the first paragraph.<br>
Produces</p>
<hr>
This is the first phrase of paragraph.
This is the second phase of paragraph.
This is the third phrase of paragraph.</p>
This is the fourth phrase of text and the first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Notice that in the places where the < and > codes where is specified, the symbols <and> appeared.
If these pages are accessed by someone using a different video and keyboard configuration, the accented characters may not be displayed properly. For example, if you are using German and the person accessing your page has his browser configured to English, some characters may not be displayed. Therefore, you should analyse where your page will be accessed and plan the text carefully, taking into consideration the language used.
The Examp10a.htm file shows a table with all the codes used for generating special characters. That next to figures show the effect of the commands.
Here are some symbols.
And now some accented letters:
Next is this table organised alphabetically.
| Symbol | HTML Entity | ISO Latin-1 | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| & | & | ampersand | |
| © | © | © | copyright |
| ÷ | ÷ | division | |
| > | > | greater than | |
| < | < | less than | |
| μ | µ | micron | |
| . | · | Period in the middle of row | |
| ¶ | ¶ | paragraph | |
| ± | ± | more or less | |
| € | £ | English pound | |
| ® | ® | ® | registered |
| § | § | section | |
| ¥ | ¥ | Japanese yen | |
| Accented Letters | |||
| á | á | á | "a" acute |
| Á | Á | Á | "A" acute |
| à | à | à | "a" grave |
| À | À | À | "A" grave |
| â | &acric; | â | "a" circumflex |
| Â | &Acric; | Â | "A" circumflex |
| å | å | å | "a" ring |
| Å | Å | Å | "A" ring |
| ã | &atil; | ã | "a" tilde |
| Ã | Ã | Ã | "A" tilde |
| ä | ä | ä | "a" umlaut |
| Ä | Ä | Ä | "A" umlaut |
| æ | æ | æ | "ae" connected |
| Æ | Æ | Æ | "AE" connected |
| ç | ç | ç | "c" cedilla |
| Ç | Ç | Ç | "C" cedilla |
| é | é | é | "e" acute |
| É | É | É | "E" acute |
| è | è | è | "e" grave |
| È | È | È | "E" grave |
| ê | ê | ê | "e" circumflex |
| Ê | Ê | Ê | "E" circumflex |
| ë | ë | ë | "e" umlaut |
| Ë | Ë | Ë | "E" umlaut |
| í | í | í | "i" acute |
| Í | Í | Í | "I" acute |
| ì | ì | ì | "i" grave |
| Ì | Ì | Ì | "I" grave |
| î | î | î | "i" circumflex |
| Î | Î | Î | "I" circumflex |
| ï | ï | ï | "i" umlaut |
| Ï | Ï | Ï | "I" umlaut |
| ñ | &ntil; | ñ | "n" tilde |
| Ñ | &Ntil; | Ñ | "N" tilde |
| ó | ó | ó | "o" acute |
| Ó | Ó | Ó | "O" acute |
| ò | ò | ò | "o" grave |
| Ò | Ò | Ò | "O" grave |
| ô | ô | ô | "o" circumflex |
| Ô | Ô | Ô | "O" circumflex |
| ø | ø | ø | "o" slashed |
| Ø | Ø | Ø | "O" slashed |
| õ | õ | õ | "o" tilde |
| Õ | Õ | Õ | "O" tilde |
| ö | ö | ö | "o" umlaut |
| Ö | Ö | Ö | "O" umlaut |
| ẞ | ß | ß | ess-tsett |
| ú | ú | ú | "u" acute |
| Ú | Ú | Ú | "U" acute |
| ù | ù | ù | "u" grave |
| Ù | Ù | Ù | "U" grave |
| û | û | û | "u" circumflex |
| Û | Û | Û | "U" circumflex |
| ü | ü | ü | "u" umlaut |
| Ü | Ü | Ü | "U" umlaut |
| y |
ÿ | ÿ | "y" umlaut |
| ‘ | ´ | acute accent | |
| ` | ` | grave accent | |
| Punctuation | |||
| ¡ | ¡ | inverted exclamation | |
| ¿ | ¿ | inverted interrogation | |
| " | " | " | quote mark |
| ° | |   | non-breaking space |
👈Episode 8 Episode 10.1👉
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