What is HTML
The HyperText Markup Language, or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.
" HTML is the standard markup language for web pages. with HTML you can create your own website. "
What is Web Page
A web page is a document composed basically of text and special codes called tags which make the display of the document on the world wide web possible. Besides text information, this document can contain images, sound, animation, and even video. The page can also contain links, or connections, to other pages stored on your computer or anywhere on the web. A web page is also referred to as a homepage.
How do you access a Web Page ?
Access to a web page is made through a special type of program called a browser. There are several programs in the category available on the market. The two most popular are Netscape navigator and Microsoft internet explorer.
How do you create a web page ?
A webpage is composed of text and HTML tags. HTML or hypertext markup language, is a programming language. This language is quite simple; its basic purpose is to format the text displayed and create links between web pages, thus creating hypertext documents.
As with any other language, the programmer should write the source code following the language Syntax rules. This source code is then interpreted by the browser, which will make take care of executing the commands, or tags, of the code to format and access Web features.
The source code may be written using the simplest text editors-even windows notepad can be used for this. However, the most practical and productive method of writing a web page is to use an HTML editor. These editors shorten the page generation time, as they have shortcuts that write part of the commands for you.
When a browser displays a web page, it reads the page text and looks for special symbols indicating tags, which specify how the text should be displayed. For example, a tag may specify that text should be displayed in bold italics with a certain type of font. Besides the appearance of the text, a tag can indicate that certain text is really the address of another webpage which should be accessed when the text is selected.
Tags are normally specified in pairs, delimiting text that will have some type of formatting. However, there are several individual tags.
Tags are identified by the <> or </> signs. The commands themselves are specified between the <> signs. In the case of tags which need to enclose text, the ending tag should include the slash (/) to indicate the end of the tag. Tag names are not case sensitive.
The generic format of a tag is:
<tag name>text</tag name>
See below some commands and the effect they cause in the browser:
<b>This text is in bold</b> while this <i>word</i> is in italics.
<h3>This command generates a title header size 3</h3>
To break a line, a special command is necessary: <br>. without it, the line are displayed continuously.
The structure of an HTML Page
There are some basic structure that identify parts of an HTML program. The listing below shows the basic commands of a page:
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
********************
****
**** area for the language commands
****
****
********************
</body>
</html>
These commands are mandatory in the more modern browsers. In summary, the <HTML> command is used in tandem with the </HTML> command. It delimits the area of the HTML language commands. The <HEAD> </HEAD> pair of commands is used to specify just a few of the language commands, the most important of which creates a title that appears in the title line of the browser's window.
The <BODY> </BODY> pair of commands should be used to enclose all of the page's formatting commands.
The main elements of an HTML page
An HTML page is composed basically of titles, text, paragraphs, images and links, which are responsible for calling other pages to the screen.
All of these elements are are positioned on the page through specific language commands.
It is highly recommended that you use your computer to follow along with the book, with your browser and HTML editor loaded in memory.
Opening an example file in the browser
Whenever you are asked to load an example file, follow these procedures:
In Netscape navigator:-
- Click on the file menu and on the open page option.
- Next, click on choose file, select the dictionary example, and click on the file to be opened or loaded.
In Internet explorer:-
- Click on the file menu and then on the open option.
- Click on the browse button.
- Next, select the directory example and click on the file to be opened or loaded.
The basic structure of an HTML document
Like other languages, HTML has a basic structure for its programs. In order for a browser to correctly interpret the program, it needs to have some basic commands that should always be present. Some browsers dispense with their use; however, it is better to assume such commands are a fundamental part of the program.
An HTML program has three basic parts: the main structure, the heading, and the body. The figure below shows this structure and the commands associated with it.
Every HTML program must start with the <HTML> command and end with the <HTML> command. This pair of commands is essential. The heading area is optional and is delimited by the <HEAD> </HEAD> pair of commands. Most of the HTML commands will be placed in the program body area delimited by the <BODY> and </BODY> commands.
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